Tidal Volume: The amount of gas that moves in, and out, of the lungs with each breath, measured in millilitres (6-10 ml/kg).Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate (PIFR): The fastest flow rate of air during inspiration, measured in litres per second.The minute ventilation (volume) is calculated by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiration rate, measured in litres per minute. Minute ventilation: The total amount of gas moving into and out of the lungs per minute.Low flow: Low flow systems are specific devices that do not provide the patient's entire ventilatory requirements, room air is entrained with the oxygen, diluting the FiO 2.Hypoxia: Low oxygen level at the tissues.Hypoxaemia: Low arterial oxygen tension (in the blood.).Hypercapnea: Increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood.The amount of water vapour that a gas can carry increases with temperature.
Humidification is the addition of heat and moisture to a gas.Where the total flow delivered to the patient meets or exceeds their Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate the FiO2 delivered to the patient will be accurate. High flow: High flow systems are specific devices that deliver the patient's entire ventilatory demand, meeting, or exceeding the patients Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate (PIFR), thereby providing an accurate FiO2.Heat Moisture Exchange (HME) product: are devices that retain heat and moisture minimizing moisture loss to the patient airway.SpO 2: Arterial oxygen saturation measured via pulse oximetry.SaO 2: Arterial oxygen saturation measured from blood specimen.It is used to assess the adequacy of oxygenation. PaO 2: The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.It is used to assess the adequacy of ventilation. PaCO 2: The partial pressure of CO 2 in arterial blood.FiO 2: Fraction of inspired oxygen (%).Maintain efficient and economical use of oxygen.Ensure adequate clearance of secretions and limit the adverse events of hypothermia and insensible water loss by use of optimal humidification (dependent on mode of oxygen delivery).selection of the appropriate flow rate and delivery device. Give oxygen therapy in a way which prevents excessive CO 2 accumulation - i.e.Relieve hypoxaemia and maintain adequate oxygenation of tissues and vital organs, as assessed by SpO 2 /SaO 2 monitoring and clinical signs.
The goal of oxygen delivery is to maintain targeted SpO 2 levels in children through the provision of supplemental oxygen in a safe and effective way which is tolerated by infants and children to: The aim of this guideline is to describe the indications and procedure for the use of oxygen therapy, and its modes of delivery. Appendix A - Paediatric sizing guides for nasal prongs